The story of Hugh Hammond, a lawyer-turned-archeologist, offers a fascinating glimpse into the evolution of scientific exploration in Ontario, Canada. Hammond's journey from a grave-robbing teenager to a passionate protector of Indigenous burial sites showcases the complex relationship between archeology and the preservation of history. This narrative highlights the importance of ethical practices in archeology and the impact of individual dedication to uncovering the past. Here's a deeper dive into this intriguing tale.
A Pirate's Transformation
Hammond's early life was marked by a pirate-like spirit, evident in his teenage years when he collected Indian relics and sold them to locals. His father's questionable morals and involvement in local politics likely influenced his son's entrepreneurial attitude. However, as he grew older, Hammond's perspective shifted. He became one of Ontario's first archeologists, driven by a newfound passion for scientific exploration and a desire to protect Indigenous burial sites. This transformation from a relic hunter to a dedicated archeologist is a testament to the power of personal growth and the potential for redemption.
The Rise of Archeology in Ontario
The late 19th century saw a significant development in archeology in Ontario, thanks to the efforts of David Boyle, a Toronto bookseller. Boyle's dedication to the field led him to become the first recognized archeologist in the province. He established a museum and published an annual journal, fostering a community of scholars and fieldworkers. Boyle's influence was profound, as he trained a group of men, including Hammond and Andrew Hunter, who would go on to make groundbreaking discoveries and contribute to the development of scientific archeology in Ontario.
The Art of Scientific Exploration
Boyle's training emphasized meticulous fieldwork, historical research, and the importance of local knowledge. The seven men he trained, including Hammond and Hunter, learned to carefully map sites, dig in five-foot squares, and record every detail. They sought out old farmers and Indigenous elders to gather information, understanding the significance of oral histories and local traditions. This approach, combined with scientific techniques like dendrochronology, allowed them to uncover valuable insights into Indigenous history.
The Impact of Hammond's Work
Hammond's dedication to his work was remarkable. He was meticulous in his documentation, adhering to Boyle's techniques and ensuring thorough documentation of each site. His field notebooks, stored at the Orillia Public Library, showcase his professionalism and attention to detail. Despite his pirate-like enthusiasm, Hammond's work was thorough, and he was able to uncover valuable information about Indigenous settlement in the region.
Ethical Dilemmas and Collaboration
Hammond's work was not without ethical challenges. As grave robbing became a crime, he had to convince farmers to allow him to investigate their land. However, his efforts were driven by a genuine desire to protect Indigenous sites and preserve history. He developed a disdain for 'curio hunters' who ransacked sites for souvenirs, and his pro bono legal work for the Chippewas of Rama demonstrated his commitment to Indigenous rights. Hammond's collaboration with Hunter resulted in the documentation of 637 Indigenous sites in north Simcoe County, a significant contribution to the field of archeology.
The Legacy of Archeology
The story of Hammond and Boyle highlights the importance of ethical practices in archeology and the impact of individual dedication to uncovering the past. Their work has helped create a timeline of Indigenous history in the region, providing valuable insights for future researchers. While grave robbing is appalling, academic archeology has played a crucial role in preserving and documenting Indigenous history, ensuring that the past is not forgotten.
In conclusion, the journey of Hugh Hammond from a relic hunter to a respected archeologist is a testament to the power of personal growth and the importance of ethical exploration. His story, along with the contributions of Boyle and Hunter, has helped shape the field of archeology in Ontario and beyond, ensuring that the past is preserved for future generations.
